Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

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We hope you find this page helpful. Remember, ADHD symptoms affect everyone differently, so if you have any concerns, it’s always best to speak with a healthcare professional.

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is widely considered one of the most effective non-medical approaches for managing ADHD-type symptoms.

While medication can often assist in controlling some core ADHD characteristics like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, CBT focuses on addressing the thought patterns and behaviours that frequently intensify these challenges.

What is CBT and how does it work?

If you experience difficulties with emotional regulation, procrastination, or managing impulsive behaviours, CBT might offer tools and techniques to help you cope more effectively. By targeting the underlying thoughts that lead to negative feelings or actions, CBT helps you gain better control over your reactions to everyday stressors and teaches you strategies to manage your time, focus, and emotions.

CBT is based on the understanding that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are closely linked. By changing the way we think about situations, we can influence our emotional responses and actions in a more positive way. This is especially useful if ADHD-type symptoms make it harder for you to control impulsive behaviour, manage emotions, or stay organised.

A common feature of ADHD is the tendency to get stuck in negative thought patterns, where self-doubt, frustration, or worry take over. These thoughts can fuel behaviours such as procrastination, avoiding tasks, or making impulsive decisions. CBT teaches you to reframe those unhelpful thoughts into more constructive and positive ones, allowing you to tackle challenges with a healthier mindset.

Emotional regulation with CBT

If you frequently experience strong emotional reactions (whether it’s irritability and frustration, anger, or anxiety) CBT can help you develop more control over these emotions. With CBT, you’ll learn to identify the early signs of emotional escalation and apply calming strategies before the situation gets out of control. These techniques help create more emotional balance, reducing the likelihood of sudden outbursts or intense feelings that can disrupt your day.

Tackling procrastination with CBT

Procrastination is one of the most frustrating struggles associated with ADHD-type symptoms, but CBT offers practical solutions. The therapy focuses on breaking large, overwhelming tasks into smaller, more manageable steps. Instead of feeling stuck and unsure of where to begin, you’ll learn to set clear, realistic goals for each day. You’ll also develop time management techniques, helping you stay organised and motivated to complete tasks, which reduces the stress and guilt that often accompanies procrastination.

Building self-esteem with CBT

For many people with ADHD, past failures or challenges in work, school, or relationships can lead to low self-esteem. Repeated setbacks might make you feel like you’re not capable or that you’re somehow less than others. CBT helps change this narrative. By challenging negative self-beliefs and replacing them with more realistic and compassionate perspectives, CBT builds confidence and fosters a healthier self-image.

CBT teaches that you are not defined by your ADHD symptoms or the struggles they cause. With the right tools, you can succeed, manage your symptoms, and develop a more positive outlook on life.

Long-term benefits of CBT

The benefits of CBT extend beyond immediate symptom relief. The tools and strategies you learn during therapy, such as cognitive restructuring and behavioural activation, offer long-term support for managing ADHD. By consistently applying these techniques, you can improve focus, reduce impulsive behaviour, and regulate your emotions, ultimately leading to a more organised and fulfilling life. CBT isn’t just about temporary fixes; it’s about giving you lifelong skills to manage your ADHD-type symptoms.

Whether used alongside medication or as a standalone treatment, CBT can make a significant difference in helping you lead a more structured, balanced, and empowered life.

Key ADHD symptoms CBT can help with


Procrastination

If you find yourself frequently delaying tasks, CBT teaches you practical strategies for tackling procrastination. By breaking tasks into manageable steps and setting clear, achievable goals, you’ll find it easier to get started and maintain progress. You’ll also learn to reduce the feeling of overwhelm that can come with large projects, allowing you to manage time more effectively. Read more.

Emotional Dysregulation
Managing intense emotions can be difficult, especially when ADHD symptoms make emotional reactions feel sudden or uncontrollable. CBT helps by teaching you how to become more aware of your emotions and apply techniques to calm down before things escalate. Over time, this will improve your ability to respond to frustration or anxiety in a healthier, more balanced way. Read more.

Impulsivity
If impulsive decisions or actions often lead to regret, CBT can help you create a pause before reacting. By learning to pause and think before acting, you’ll gain greater control over your behaviour, reducing the impulsiveness that can lead to challenges in your personal or professional life. These strategies allow you to make more thoughtful choices and improve decision-making. Read more.

Low Self-Esteem
Years of dealing with ADHD symptoms can take a toll on your confidence. CBT works to build your self-esteem by helping you challenge the negative thoughts that make you doubt yourself. By focusing on your strengths and achievements, you’ll gradually develop a healthier self-image and feel more capable of handling life’s challenges. Read more.

Perfectionism
If perfectionism leaves you feeling anxious or stops you from starting tasks because of fear of failure, CBT can help. The therapy teaches you to set more realistic, achievable goals and to let go of the need to be “perfect.” By doing so, you’ll feel less pressure and more able to move forward with tasks, accepting that progress is more important than perfection.

Start understanding your ADHD

If you recognise the symptoms and signs of ADHD in your own day-to-day life, you might want to check out our adult ADHD self-test. It’s a simple way to explore whether ADHD could be affecting your daily life, and sharing the PDF report with your GP could help them better understand your experience and make a referral if needed.

It’s just a small step, but it could be helpful in finding the right support and better managing your symptoms.

More detail…

CBT plays a significant role in helping manage emotional dysregulation, a common challenge for individuals with ADHD. Emotional regulation refers to the ability to control intense emotions such as anger, frustration and irritation, or anxiety, which can often feel overwhelming.

Through CBT, you’ll learn to identify the triggers that lead to emotional outbursts and develop strategies to manage them before they escalate. Techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness, and cognitive reframing help you pause and re-evaluate the situation, allowing you to respond in a calmer, more thoughtful way.

Over time, this practice leads to a more balanced emotional state, helping you avoid impulsive reactions that can strain relationships or affect your daily life.

Procrastination is a frequent challenge for those with ADHD, and CBT offers targeted strategies to help you overcome it. Instead of feeling overwhelmed by large tasks, CBT teaches you to break them down into smaller, manageable steps. By setting clear, achievable goals and prioritising tasks, you can create a structure that makes it easier to get started.

CBT also addresses the emotional aspects of procrastination, such as anxiety or fear of failure, helping you reframe those feelings into more productive thoughts.

With these techniques, you can build better time management skills, reduce the stress associated with unfinished tasks, and ultimately become more productive and focused.

Cognitive restructuring is a core component of CBT and is particularly useful in managing ADHD-related thought patterns. This technique helps you identify and challenge negative or unhelpful thoughts that may be affecting your behaviour and emotions. For example, if you often feel that you’re “not good enough” or that you will inevitably fail at a task, cognitive restructuring encourages you to question those beliefs.

By replacing them with more realistic, balanced thoughts, such as acknowledging your strengths or past successes, you can change how you approach challenges. This shift in thinking helps reduce self-doubt, improves motivation, and allows you to focus on problem-solving rather than getting stuck in negative thought cycles.

Low self-esteem is a common issue for individuals with ADHD, especially after years of feeling frustrated by symptoms like forgetfulness, impulsivity, or messiness.

CBT helps rebuild self-esteem by teaching you to challenge negative self-beliefs and replace them with more compassionate, realistic ones. As you learn to recognise your strengths and successes, your confidence grows, making it easier to manage the difficulties that ADHD can bring.

CBT also focuses on celebrating small wins and progress, which boosts your self-worth over time.

This improvement in self-esteem doesn’t just make you feel better. It also motivates you to take on new challenges, reinforcing the belief that you are capable of achieving your goals.

Ready to take our Adult ADHD self-test?

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